The dry Lake Mungo is one of Australia’s and the world’s most important archaeological sites.For almost 50,000 years, this UNESCO World Heritage Site was home to the Aboriginal people of Australia, the oldest continuous civilization in the world. Archaeologists discovered numerous skeletons in this area.Among these skeletons, Mungo Woman and Mungo Man were the first ones to be unearthed at Lake Mungo in the Willandra Lakes Region. Their fossils have assisted historians in imagining what life was like in this part of Australia 40,000 years ago. What makes these fossils even more significant is that they represent the world’s oldest evidence of ritual human cremation and prove that Aboriginal people had been living in this area for roughly twice as long as earlier thought.Who is Mungo Man?Mungo Man’s discovery in the Willandra Lakes Region of New South Wales in 1974 was a breakthrough in the history of the Australian continent. Mungo Man is the nickname given to the oldest human skeleton discovered in Australia, proving that Australian Aborigines have existed for more than 40,000 years.Mungo Man is the oldest known human skeleton discovered in Australia in 1974.Using carbon dating, scientists claimed that Mungo Man dated back to 40,000 years ago, the Pleistocene epoch.He is among the three sets of human fossils found in Lake Mungo.The study of Mungo Man remains show that he was an Aboriginal man who was a hunter-gatherer by profession and lived for a good age of 50 years for an early human. He seemed to have arthritis on his right leg by the time he died.On his death, his relatives buried him in the lunette and coated him in red ocher, symbolizing a ritual cremation, making his remains the world’s earliest evidence of such a ceremony.In 2017, the skeleton of Mungo Man was returned by the Australian National University to his home in New South Wales.Mungo Man is said to have been buried in a secret location in Mungo National Park, New South Wales.Location Of The Mungo Man RemainsA series of deep, interconnected lakes defined the Willandra Lakes Region 30,000-45,000 years ago. Aboriginal hunters and gatherers built campsites along the lakes’ shores, relying on the freshwater lakes for fish. The lake beds have now dried up, but they are an archaeologically significant site because it is at this location where the remains of Mungo Lady and Man were unearthed.Lake Mungo was named after the Mungo sheep station, which was built in the 1920s to house soldiers. The Cameron Brothers held the property and named it after St Mungo, Glasgow’s patron saint.Lake Mungo is the second largest of nineteen dry lakes that formed the Willandra Lakes Region.The lakes dried up some 16,000 years ago as the area became arider.When Chinese shepherds first arrived in the area in the 1860s, they named the lunette ‘The Walls of China’.The Willandra Lakes dried up completely some 10,000 years ago, around the same time when Tasmania tigers in the area went extinct.Lake Mungo is historically significant because it possesses one of Australia’s longest continuous records of Aboriginal existence, having been populated for more than 50,000 years.The skeletons found in the sand dunes in the region, including Mungo Lady and Mungo Man, are among the earliest human remains found outside Africa.Apart from human remains, many artifacts were also discovered in the sand dunes.Scientific studies in the Lake Mungo area proved that Aboriginal Australians’ ancestors occupied the area for generations, lending legitimacy to their claims for land rights.For decades, there was a land dispute between the government and indigenous Australians. While the government and scientists argued that Lake Mungo has universal relevance for science and national identity, Aboriginal people wished to conserve their cultural traditions and legacy.Willandra Lakes Region became a World Heritage Area in 1981.Discovery Of Mungo ManThe discovery of Mungo Woman and Mungo Man remains paved the way for substantial research into Aboriginal history. The discovery of these human remains resulted in significant advances and provided strong hints about the life of a Pleistocene human. Apart from their archaeological significance, the finding of Mungo Man and Mungo Lady was cultural and spiritually significant for indigenous Australians.Mungo Man’s skeleton was discovered by geologist Jim Bowler in 1974 in a dry lake bed in the Mungo National Park.In 1969, Jim Bowler discovered the remains of a young aboriginal woman who was named Mungo Lady. A study of her skeleton revealed that her bones had been burnt before burial, making it the oldest evidence of cremation and ceremonial burial in the world.After years of lobbying and disagreements, Mungo Man was returned to its traditional owners in 2017.Features Of The Mungo Man FossilThe discovery of fossils can disclose a great deal about the life of the era to which they belonged. In the case of Mungo Man, an examination of the oldest skeleton in Australia revealed a wealth of information about the Pleistocene era’s social, cultural, economic, and religious life.The Mungo Man was an adult skeleton of an Aboriginal man with a build that was quite different from the modern indigenous Australians.When Jim Bowler discovered it in 1964, the skeleton was in poor condition, with significant chunks of his skull missing and the bones in the limbs seriously damaged.He was buried in a lunette on his back, covered in red ocher, and with his hands crossed in his lap, which evidenced a ceremonial burial.From the length of the limb bones, scientists determined that Mungo Man was 77.17 in (196 cm) tall.The skeleton’s teeth were worn out, with two of them missing. They had been removed long before his death, possibly during a religious ritual. Mungo Man’s worn-out teeth could be attributed to his usage of them in the preparation of fishing nets or due to a mixed diet.Some of Mungo Man’s bones revealed signs of advanced arthritis, particularly in his right elbow, which was most likely the cause of his death. This could have been caused by repetitive stress on the bones when throwing a spear.
The dry Lake Mungo is one of Australia’s and the world’s most important archaeological sites.
