Around 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by seas!Marine life makes up the vast array of life on Earth. Only 5% of the world’s oceans have been explored, and we only know a fraction of the sea creatures that live there.The Mid-Ocean Ridge, the world’s longest mountain range, is nearly totally submerged beneath the sea, spanning over 40,000 mi (64373.8 km).Under the sea, there are more historical artifacts than in all of the world’s museums combined. Many underwater museums have sprung up in recent years, notably Christ of the Abyss, a submerged bronze monument in the Mediterranean.When saline water and hydrogen sulfide combine, the resulting mixture becomes denser than the surrounding water, allowing it to create a lake or river beneath the sea.Continue reading to learn more information about deep diving into a super saltwater marine biome!Types Of Aquatic EcosystemsA natural unit of living and nonliving pieces that interact to generate a stable system is referred to as an ecosystem. Ecosystems are divided into two types: terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.Ecosystems function by exchanging energy on a daily basis. Within an ecosystem, the energy transferred is recycled between the physical and biological components.Freshwater environments such as lakes, ponds, rivers, seas, and streams, as well as marshes and swamps, are all part of the marine ecosystem. Oceans, intertidal ocean zones, coral reefs, and the seafloor are examples of marine environments.In addition, the aquatic environment serves as a home for water-dependent bacteria, plants, and animals. The types of marine species that can be found in a marine ecosystem are also influenced by interactions between living creatures.Only about 0.8 % of the surface of the Earth is made up of freshwater ecosystems. Lakes, rivers, and streams, along with swamps and small pools, are examples of freshwater.The open networks of land and water that make up coastal ecosystems are known as coastal systems. At the bottom of them, a diverse range of aquatic plants and animals thrive. Crabs, fish, insects, lobsters, snails, shrimp, and other ocean animals make up the rich fauna.Five major oceans make up the Earth’s ocean ecosystem, namely the Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, more than five lakh aquatic species call these waters home. Shellfish, sharks, tube worms, crabs, and huge ocean fish are among the species found in these habitats.All standing water habitats are included in lentic ecosystems. Lakes and ponds are among the most common examples of lentic ecosystems. Marine algae, crabs, shrimp, and amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, also live in these habitats.Lotic ecosystems are made up of fast-moving waterways that flow in one direction only, such as rivers and streams. They have a diverse range of animals, including beetles, mayflies, stoneflies, and a variety of fish.Wetlands are marshy places that are occasionally submerged in water and are home to a diverse range of flora and marine animals. The principal plant species found in swamps, marshes and bogs include black spruce and water lilies. Dragonflies, damselflies, and a variety of birds and fish make up the ecosystem’s animal life.A marine environment encompasses the world’s greatest surface area. Ocean, sea, intertidal zone, coral reef, seafloor, and other bodies of water cover two-thirds of the world. Each living form is distinct and specific to its environment.Marine Biome Animals And OrganismsMarine creatures are living entities that live in waters. They range in size from microscopic microorganisms to the world’s biggest mammal, the blue whale.Fish, crabs, sea stars, sea urchins, sea anemones, and bacteria are some of the animal life that dwell in a marine biome. They inhabit tropical and subtropical seas along coasts.Surface seaweeds, fish, whales, and dolphins may all be found in the pelagic zone, which is the open ocean further away from land.In every zone of water, marine mammals must contend with various living conditions. The ocean is a salty, frequently frigid environment. Many creatures have evolved particular adaptations to cope with this harsh environment.The uppermost layer of the ocean, closest to the Earth’s surface, is known as the sunlit zone or the euphotic zone. A sufficient amount of light penetrates the water here to sustain photosynthesis.This zone is where plankton can be found.In the twilight zone or the disphotic zone in oceans, just a limited quantity of light may permeate the water. The pressure increases with the water’s depth. Life forms like plants do not thrive in the twilight zone.Only organisms that have evolved to low light levels, such as lantern fish and jellyfish, have survived.The midnight zone, also known as the aphotic zone, covers 90% of the ocean. The space is completely black, and the water pressure is high. The temperature is below zero.This zone in oceans is home to snipe eels, tripod fish, and sea cucumbers.Carbon Cycling In Aquatic EcosystemsThere are two parts to the carbon cycle: the terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles. The aquatic carbon cycle is concerned with carbon movement in marine environments, whereas the terrestrial carbon cycle is concerned with carbon movement in terrestrial ecosystems.Carbon dioxide may be retained in rocks and sediments in aquatic ecosystems.The dead cells, shells, and other pieces of dead organisms sink to the bottom of a body of water. Carbon dioxide is released into the deep sea as a result of decay.As an organic matter or structural calcium carbonate, carbon is absorbed into marine creatures.These ions are essential components of natural buffers that keep water from getting overly acidic or basic. Water carbonate and bicarbonate will be produced in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when the Sun appears.A lot of the carbon dioxide produced by charring fossil fuels is soaked up by the ocean. Through a process known as ocean acidification, the extra carbon dioxide decreases the acidity of the ocean.Characteristics Of A Marine BiomeFreshwater and marine regions make up a marine biome. Salt is more abundant in an ocean biome than in freshwaters, like lakes and rivers.The marine biome is the world’s largest biome. It covers over 70% of the planet. The Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Oceans, as well as other smaller Gulfs and Bays, make up this region.Oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries are a few examples of marine biomes, which have a higher salt content. The majority of aquatic species do not have to contend with temperature or moisture extremes.Instead, the availability of sunshine and the quantity of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the water are their primary limiting variables.Heat is distributed throughout the globe by ocean currents, but most of it is lost due to evaporation. Rain, thunderstorms, and hurricanes are caused by the ongoing evaporation of ocean waters, which raises the temperature and humidity of the air.Because these storms are carried over such great distances by the trade winds, the majority of the precipitation that falls on land originates in the seas.Role Of Algae In The EcosystemIn freshwater habitats, algae play a variety of critical and useful tasks. They create oxygen and consume carbon dioxide, serve as the foundation of the marine food chain, filter water for nutrients and contaminants, and stabilize sediments.Algae are nonflowering creatures that range in size from microalgae to macroalgae. Chlorophyll is found in all algae; however, the majority lack leaves, roots, vascular tissue, and stems. They are essential to aquatic environments because they provide the energy foundation for all aquatic creatures’ food webs.Algae, being autotrophic organisms, use photosynthesis to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar.Photosynthesis also produces oxygen as a byproduct, which helps fish and other aquatic species survive.In freshwater habitats, algae play a variety of critical and useful tasks. They create oxygen and consume carbon dioxide, serve as the foundation of the aquatic food chain, filter water for nutrients and contaminants, and stabilize sediments.Water, sunshine, carbon, and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus are all necessary for algae to develop. The variety of algae implies that there are strains that can make use of practically every water supply, from saltwater to fresh water and everything in between.
Around 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by seas!
